PROPOSAL OF AN EVALUATION METHOD WITH COMPARISON TO INTERNATIONAL METHODS OF BUILDING ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT TOOLS IN TERMS OF CERTIFIED INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURES IN TURKEY
KOÇ KAYHAN, Hande
MSc in Architecture
Supervisor: Asist. Prof. Dr. Ecehan ÖZMEHMET
September 2014
In todays developing and changing world, changes in climate and environmental manhunt have been one of the most important problems that people are trying to cope with. These problems have been examined in the field of architecture and it has caused to necessarily include the concept of continuity in literature and practice of architecture. New construction systems that can work in harmony with the environment have started to appear with the need of sustainable development and sustainable architecture. Building environmental assessment methods like LEED, USA, (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design), BREEAM, UK, (Building Research Association Environmental Assessment Method), CASBEE, Japan, (Detailed Assessment System for the Buildings Environmental Effectiveness) have started to be used with these applications in different climates, geographies and societies. Industrial buildings which have heavier environmental load during construction, occupancy, demolishment stages compared to the other structure types due to their great sizes and dense user quantity residing in them have carried an important role in terms of applying the sustainability concept.
Within this scope in this thesis, it is aimed to analyze the international environmental assessment methods by means of their comparison. Basic environmental assessment methods have been analyzed and the assessment methods they use and their approach to the subject is released. With the methods analyzed, determination of the industrial structures, environmental performance, solution of the addressed problems, the points to be considered and assessment of these buildings in the process of creating environment sensitive structures are aimed.
Key words: sustainability, sustainable architecture, building environment assessment methods, industrial buildings, Turkey.
MULTI-PERFORMANCE BASED COMPUTATIONAL DESIGN IN ARCHITECTURE: INTEGRATED HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS
EKİCİ, Berk
MSc in Architecture
Supervisor: Assist. Prof. Dr. Seçkin KUTUCU
September 2014, 173 pages
Architectural design requires art and science knowledge in order to fulfil mankind’s needs. Since high-rise buildings were first established, they have been one of the most important building types for human beings. That is why these buildings include many criteria, which belong to different areas of expertise in order to achieve suitable design alternatives. The main goal of this research is to develop a computational design model for high-rise buildings, based on the integration of multiperformance criteria, which is titled as “Computational High-Rise | C-HR”. Through this development, it is aimed to discover suitable high-rise buildings based on design variables, defined objectives, and constraint violations. In this respect, NSGA-II and DE evolutionary algorithms are implemented in the model. Eight optimization processes have been studied by generating eight hundred suitable high-rise alternatives for two cases based on different constraint violations. According to results of optimization procedures, four comparisons have been done while evaluating the results of different algorithms and their affect on high-rise buildings. In conclusion, benefits of evolutionary computation and integrated design approaches for multi-performance criteria have been discussed.
Keywords: Multi-Performance Evaluation, Computational Design, Integrated Design Approach, High-Rise Buildings, Evolutionary Algorithms
ANALYZING THE MULTI-STORY RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS IN TERM OF SUSTAINABILITY, DISABILITY ACCESS AND EARTHQUAKE DURABILITY; EXAMPLE PROJECTS FROM 1980-1990;1990-2000;2000-2013 PERIODS.
ŞAHİN, Seda
MSc in Architecture
Supervisor: Assist. Prof. Dr. Eray BOZKURT
January 2014, 163 pages
With globally increasing population the need for housing increased rapidly. In order to satisfy the need in housing, number of multistory also housing buildings have increased with the advancements in construction and architectural design techniques. Accordance with the advancements in technology, the needs of the individuals and the concepts of house have been altered. The multistory residential buildings have differed in order to satisfy the needs of the tenants in respect to the specific time periods; 1980 to 1990, 1990 to 2000, and 2000-2013.
The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate and compare the 13-25 story residential buildings’ sustainability, earthquake durability and accessibility factors within their respected time period. According to the findings of this thesis, the advancements in sustainability, earthquake durability and accessibility have increased rapidly over the recent years and the factors determine said increase has been witnessed in various case studies.
Keywords: advancement, multistory residential buildings, sustainability,earthquake, accessibility
LEARNING FROM THE ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF 19TH CENTURY TRADITIONAL BORNOVA MANSIONS
TAGHIZADEH ALAMDARI, Elnaz
MSc in Architecture
Supervisor: Assist. Prof. Dr. Eray BOZKURT
Co-Supervisor: Assist.Prof. Dr. Ali AFSHAR
March 2016, 121 pages
The study investigates the architectural attributes of Bornova Levantine mansions of the 19th century. Alongside ruin and destruction of the buildings, paternity, and inherency of the inhabitants defunct as well as the character of inert relief. Different ways of assumption with life conditions in past time decay, and flux during time passage. Figure out and record the architectural characteristics of the Bornova Levantine mansions on 19th century used as the methodology of this survey. The study organised on two principles of the query; one is the narrative study of past literature and review the documents and the second assumption is to prepair the case studies according detected mansions which undisturbed. The study has both qualitative and quantitative research methods. The research contains the general research question and its specific questions, as well as illustrate on the quantitative case study research methodology. Selected six traditional mansions as case studies have been evaluated in detail. The materials, built details, design strategies, important factors in the design and other sights are subsumption in this thesis. Through this study, besides considering the preservation of the existing structure, it is helpful to contribute and promote the future planned renovation or conversion schems. To emphasize the particular architectural features of the region in terms of cultural heritage protection is intended to be a guide for future generations.
Keywords: Architectural characteristics,Traditional home, Levantine, Houses, Bornova, Case study.
THE SPATIAL ANALYSES OF PUBLIC SPACES OF MUNICIPALITY BUILDINGS IN CONTEXT OF ARCHITECTURAL COMPETITIONS BETWEEN 1984-2013
AYKUTLAR, Pelin
MSc in Architecture
Supervisor: Assist. Prof. Dr. Seçkin KUTUCU
April 2016, 168 pages
This thesis aims at determining to find the level of publicness changes of the municipality building in architectural design competitions through space syntax analyses method after 1984 and later on political and social changes, municipilities had the right of changing master plan implementation instead of central government.
The public space and evidance based method; space syntax and visibility graph analyses are used in the study in quantifying publicness of nine cases. By this method, after 1984, chosen architectural design competitions of municipality service buildings’s selected floor plans related with public usage on urban ground analysed by space syntax to measure their permeabilities. The evidences from graphs and mathematical values of permeability levels obtained from analyses are compared with report of the juries and designer’s goals of each competition.
The research is concluded with analysis results regarding to publicness and permeability levels in context of relative circulation levels to understand how the publicness level is changed.
Keywords:Architectural Design Competitions, Municipality Buildings, Publicness, Space Syntax, Spatial Analysis, Visibility Graph Analyses, Integration
DEATH IN THE CITY: CEMETERIES IN IZMIR
ÖZMEN, Sabahat Gizem
MSc in Architecture
Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Gülsüm BAYDAR
May 2016, 91 pages
In the pre-modern period, until the late-18th century, death was recognized as an inevitable part of the life cycle and an ordinary part of everyday life. However, with the modernist emphasis on rationality, which originated in the European continent, it came to be treated as a scientific medical topic, rather than a metaphysical reality and was alienated from daily routines. In line with this transformation, cemeteries in modern cities experienced significant shifts in their location and/or layout and were turned from rather haphazardly organized urban lots into highly regulated sites located on the outskirts of cities.
Circumstances were similar in the Ottoman/ Turkish context. First, in the mid-19th century, all inner-city burials were banned as health hazards following a series of plague and cholera epidemics that resulted in high death rates. Second, following the establishment of the Turkish Republic, in the 1930s, cemeteries were transformed into regulated areas and dislocated from every dayroutines by means of the introduction of new legal mandates.
The present work examines the historical breaks that exiled the cemeteries from the daily routines of modern cities in Turkey with particular emphasis on Muslim cemeteries in İzmir. By providing a historical analysis of the transformation of cemeteries, this study attempts to situate the burial grounds in Turkey within the contemporary global debates on the status of urban cemeteries.
Keywords: Cemeteries, Islamic Death Rituals, İzmir, Spaces of Death.
LIGHTING DESIGN FOR THE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY: STUDY OF LIBRARY LIGHTING IN RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VISUAL HIERARCHY AND HUMAN PERCEPTION
TURHAN, Tuğçe
MSc in Architecture
Supervisor: Assist.Prof.Dr. Eray BOZKURT
June 2016, 132 pages
Today as it was throughout history the most important thing for the library building design is artificial lighting. Today’s society is in an information age and their development measured with their knowledge and their technology. Especially libraries are the most important institutions of the information society. Today’s libraries are designed with considering the physical structure of the physiological and psychological needs of the users and employees. Spatial organization of the library becomes an important institution of social life.
One of the most important factor that affects human performance in libraries is constitute of the artificial lighting. The lighting design is shaped by visual, auditory and variety of features such as furnitures, computers etc. Technological developments have been reflected in the results of the lighting equipment’s and there have been a lot of new developments to respond to the needs of many different lighting tools.
In this study, the lighting needs of users and the effects of lighting on their psychology have been examined. Lighting has an important role in the shaping of the library. In the design stages geographic location, shape and natural light should be planned for lighting systems according to the users performance.
The study aims to observe the existing lighting condition of Yaşar University library and propose a new effective lighting system. All the existing documents for the library collected from the university office. They are compared with existing usage.
Dialux and ELI Softwares are used to simulate the existing lighting conditions. Survey results conducted on site about users preferences are implemented on ELI Software. ELI (Ergonomic Lighting Design) it covers a total of five aspects of quality: visual performance, vista visual comfort, vitality and empowerment. It investigates for the human organism features and capabilities and provide the necessary conditions for the work of human harmony. After the software considerations are done, review results have been interpreted and new light proposal is prepared. Considering most efficient model suited for the condition.
Keywords: Artificial Light, Visual Hierarchy, Perception, Light, Library Lighting
DESIGN AND COMPUTATIONAL OPTIMIZATION OF AN INTEGRATED SHADING DEVICE INTO A BUILDING
KIRIMTAT, Ayça
MSc in Architecture
Supervisor: Prof. Dr. İ. Sevil Sarıyıldız
Co-Supervisors: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Başak Kundakçı KOYUNBABA, Lec. Ioannis Chatzikonstantinou
September 2016, 105 pages
Most of the countries in the world are outfacing the reduction of energy consumption, even though electrical appliances began to be used extensively in buildings. Architectural aspects should be reappraised to decrease this energy consumption. Overheating issue is one of these aspects, and it is originated by large glazed facades. To overcome this overheating problem, shading elements should be necessarily integrated at an early-design stage in the design process. Especially in summer time, shading elements are significantly necessary to protect the window from solar radiation. Therefore, shading devices should be considered as an integral part of the façade design during the conceptual phase of the building design. This thesis aims to develop a shading device in a building by using parametric modelling techniques in combination with Intelligent Decision Support tools, optimization methods, and simulation techniques. The study is about how to design more efficient shading element for summer and winter time in general. The objectives considered in this study are daylight and total energy consumption which includes heating and cooling energy consumptions. An application of the method is presented, focusing on the design of a shading device integrated to the one of the buildings at Yaşar University in Izmir, Turkey.
Keywords: Shading device, daylight, energy, optimization, simulation, Intelligent Decision Support tools.
A FRAMEWORK FOR IMPROVING ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN MUNICIPALITY BUILDINGS
Aydın, Elif Esra
M.Sc., Department of Architecture-Computational Design
Advisor: Asst. Prof. İlker KAHRAMAN
May 2017
According to National Energy Efficiency Action Plan for Turkey, energy distribution demand illustrates that the buildings account for 35% of total energy consumption and cause roughly 25% of global CO2 emissions. In the highlight of this knowledge, since 2007 the Covenant of Mayor’s projects have begun to be implemented all over the world by municipalities to reduce CO2 emissions at least by 20% by 2020 and at least 40% by 2030. Regional and local authorities in the European Union (EU) are concerned with adapting to climate change by sharing their project’s vision, results and experiences; namely in the context of the Global Covenant of Mayors. Turkey, as a partner, has recently aimed to reach and exceed the objective of a 20% reduction in CO2 within the boundaries of their districts in 10 municipalities; two of them metropolitans and eight of them districts. Besides that, the municipality buildings dissociates from other governmental buildings as having more interactive relations with the community than others. The significance of municipality buildings are obvious; these are the best-case example for citizens who live in that district. Therefore, the focus of this study is on the municipality administrative buildings working as office type building.
The aim of this study is to ascertain a framework for programmatic requirements and energy consumption standards of municipality buildings in Turkey. In this sense, a guide for improvement of energy efficiency performance for the municipality buildings, that have not been built yet, have been studied with the help of simulation tool. Regarding to the track, the question of the thesis has been directed as what amount of the energy efficiency is gained after specific improvements. Considering all, three goals of the thesis are (1) to find the optimum program necessities of municipality buildings, (2) to set an energy consumption standard and (3) to evaluate energy efficiency level by alterning architectural design parameters by simulations of case building in İzmir, Turkey.
Consequently, the thesis provides a framework for performance based design of any municipality building regarding to the design phases:
Early Design Stage: to create a design program for each type of municipality total areas as a guide for the early design stage of municipality buildings. A bibliographic survey analysis has been used to obtain a building program for each type of municipality. This analysis has been obtained by assessing 22 municipality building architectural competitions in the 1985-2015 period. The building programs have been created by competitions’ specifications and standards comparison.
Design Stage: For İzmir, municipality buildings’ survey is a sample of the investigation and limitation of energy consumptions. The help of personal contact has used questionnaire survey method with eight municipalities, and an average electricity consumption has been set for municipality buildings.
Advanced Design Stage: to evaluate energy efficiency by the simulation of energy performance parameters’ impact as an ideal model. The case building has been decided as Konak Municipality Building designed by the architectural competition project for İzmir. The tool has been chosen as OpenStudio to evaluate the energy performance parameters (glazing type, window to wall ratio, wall type, orientation, shading device).
The thesis consists of six chapters that include all of these subjects.
Keywords: energy efficiency, municipality building, computational tools, OpenStudio, simulation, performance-based design, sustainability
VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE AND ITS APPLICABILITY IN CONTEMPORARY BUILDING DESIGN IN HOT AND ARID CLIMATE: CASE STUDY OF NATIONAL PARK OF MALI
Maïga, Fatoumata
Msc, in Architecture
Advisor: Asst. Prof. Dr. Ebru ALAKAVUK
May 2017
While vernacular architecture is at a state of decline and about to be replaced, modern society nowadays is losing some connection to cultural traditions and integration of users in process of designing. The concept of sustainability in reference to vernacular architecture is reviewed in this thesis which tends to investigate the potential and implementation of this aspect of vernacular architecture in contemporary architecture. So specific examples of vernacular architecture, identified in the regions of Timbuktu and Mopti (Djenne and Bandiagara) from Mali with hot and arid climate, were selected and explored, to understand the strategies adopted in these settlements and their performances over a long period of time. Investigation continues in the region of Bamako with a mixed-use complex “National Park of Mali” as case study and composed of a group of contemporary buildings, connected to either traditional principles or local material, to determine any technique resulting from the Malian vernacular architecture that has been integrated. A survey is done based on a hundred of user’s perception who have frequented each this National Park. As will be shown the results of the survey suggest a set of reasons why principles of vernacular architecture should be integrated in the present scenario.
Key Words: Vernacular architecture, Contemporary architecture, Sustainability, Hot and Arid climate
A NOVEL FRAMEWORK TO EVALUATE THE PERFORMANCE OF RESPONSIVE KINETIC SHADING DEVICES IN THE EARLY DESIGN STAGES
Teksoy, Mustafa
M.Sc in Architecture
Advisor: Prof. Dr.-Ir. I. Sevil Sarıyıldız
Co-Advisor: Asst. Prof. Dr.-Ing. Onur Dursun
May 2017
Computational tools offer a great potential in the conceptual phase of architectural design, towards exploring numerous design alternatives that provide better environmental impact. Particularly in the domain of solar control with help of kinetic shading devices that respond to its environment, the function of computational tools is even more significant, since the determination of the control parameters introduces a dynamic problem. However, critical review of relevant literature suggests that the utilization of computational tools have failed to address some vital aspects. This has led exclusion of many design alternatives and weather conditions due to the high computational expenses. To this end, the current study aims to investigate the problem of adequately exploring the design space and evaluating the performance of responsive-kinetic shading devices (RKSD). For this purpose, we proposed a novel framework by implementing a surrogate-based technique for multi-objective optimization of control parameters of a conceptual RKSD on randomly sampled daylight hours. To test the adequacy of the proposed framework, an experimental research was designed. In this design, such methods as parameter initiation, variable randomization, simulation, database generation, neural networks, optimization, and hypothesis test were used in combination. Results revealed that using proposed framework one can adequately reach to optimum set of solutions in a fraction of a time when compared to traditional simulation-based optimization methods. More, utilizing proposed framework one can formally compare the performances between static shading and RKSD. In the case of our experimental design, RKSD outperforms the static one in daylighting and view metrics. However, considering indoor temperature no significant differences observed. To the best of our knowledge, the current work is the first to propose a framework, which allows an end user to conduct a formal comparison of selected performance metrics between responsive-kinetic and optimized-static shadings. The further works shall focus on the relationships between the weather conditions, design parameters, and the performance objectives. Due complex interactions among employed techniques, a user-friendly graphical user interface establishment shall also be in the agenda.
Key Words: responsive, kinetic, shading, simulation, artificial neural networks, multiobjective
optimization
THE “MANHATTAN” OF İZMİR? FOLKART TOWERS AND URBAN TRANSFORMATION
KARAKIZ, Cansu
MSc in Architecture
Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Gülsüm Baydar
January 2017
Since 2006, the urban regeneration of Bayraklı district is announced to be İzmir’s “Manhattan” by local newspapers. The 10 years long urban transformation process continues to date with the rapid construction of high rise buildings. Folkart Towers, which were completed in 2014, Pioneer this process, which has gained speed in the past two years. The Towers are distinguished from their immediate surroundings by their sheer height which dominates the urban silhouette. They are introduced as the new symbol of İzmir in various commercials and take place in the city’s representations in films and photographs. This thesis analyzes the urban transformation of the immediate neighborhood of the Towers by focusing on the latter. The aim is to reveal the discrepancies between the discourses of the planners and promotional images and everyday life in the area.
Keywords: Urban Regeneration, Urban Image, Urban Symbol, Spatial Practices, İzmir, Bayraklı, Salhane, Folkart Towers.
GENDERED SPACES IN DIGITAL GAMES: THE SIMS
ZAFER, Özgecan
MSc in Architecture
Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Gülsüm Baydar
January 2017
In digital games gender and sexuality are represented in normative and stereotypical ways. Since these games reproduce gender norms and expectations, the analysis of space gender relationships in the virtual realm of digital games appears to be a critical field of study. The Sims, which is one of the most popular games to date, embodies such norms and reproduces stereotypical gender and space representations.
The historical roots of the Sims can be traced to the European doll-house tradition. At one level, the Sims can be said to carry this tradition to the digital medium, modelling its context on the consumptive traditions of the American suburb. Both the sims characters’ bodies and their spaces are based on stereotypical representations and normative expectations. In setting limits on bodily properties and spatial characteristics, the game consolidates and reproduces conservative social codes regarding gender.
Although the players are seemingly free to construct their characters and their spaces, the structure of the game limits to their moves in implicit ways. This study analyzes the game from the viewpoint of both the game structure and the players who may seek to undermine the normative structure of the game, within the historical development of its various versions.
Keywords: Gender, Digital Games, Domestic Space, The Sims
DESIGNING ASYMMETRIC SHELL SYSTEMS BY AUTOCLAVED AERATED CONCRETE BLOCKS: A PARTICLE BASED COMPUTATIONAL MODEL
CEVİZCİ, Esra
Msc in Architecture
Advisor: Assist. Prof. Dr. Seçkin KUTUCU
January 2017
Masonry vault structures have been used in many significant buildings in architecture for many centuries and have been applied by many civilizations as an important knowledge of construction in architecture. Today, vault and shell structures are still being used in various structural types and with various materials. With advances in computer-aided design technologies and modelling techniques, new form-finding methods have enabled us to design more complex structures in various forms. This thesis is on generating a computational model of symmetric and asymmetrically shaped shell systems by using “Autoclaved Aerated Concrete” (AAC) blocks. Thus, this thesis aims to find the appropriateness of AAC for material oriented design of shell systems and to study its behaviour in shell type constructions. In light of this research, it is aimed to develop a generic model of particle based asymmetrically shaped shell, which is more difficult to construct than symmetrical shell, via the geometrical predeterminations on shell making, hanging chain criteria and structural behaviour of AAC blocks. The significance of the generic model is on the flexibility in parameters change such as material thickness, plan geometry, height and length of spans which bring an overall capability to Architects and designers who are not familiar with structural and statics aspects. This feature carry architects and designers to the idea of digital sketching in the very first steps of decision making while bringing benefits of computational design and integrated form finding methods.
Key Words: Computational Design, Vault and Shell Systems, Masonry Constructions, Autoclaved Aerated Concrete, Form Finding Methods, Digital Sketching
SOUND INSULATION: RETROFITTING THE PARTITION WALLS OF HIGH-RISE RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS IN NIGERIA
MAMUD Ayisha Nnaketwa
Msc in Architecture
Advisor: Assist. Prof. Dr. Eray BOZKURT
October 2017
The demand for privacy and sound comfort in high-rise or shared residential buildings has become imperative to most dwellers. Sound insulation and comfort level provided by interior partition walls are essential for improving the general well-being of inhabitants. The intention of this research solely focuses on the effects of the existing wall partitioning systems on sound insulation and transmission in high-rise and shared residential buildings. The retrofitting of wall partitions suggested to moderate the rate of sound to a satisfactory limit. The challenge lies in attaining desired sound levels while simultaneously maintaining or enhancing the visual environment. This research aimed at finding the best and possible ways to retrofit high rise residential buildings that have weak performance against noise.
The methodology used in this research was a case study approach whereby two apartments selected in Lagos, Nigeria namely; C & N Luxury Apartments, Ikoyi and 1004 Estate, Victoria Island. First step is to apply a questionnaire to the dwellers in order to obtain their user perception level of noise. The questionnaire survey revealed that 95% of the respondents were disturbed by the level of noise from their neighbours. Second step is to model and simulate the two case studies in Autodesks ECOTECT analysis. Thereafter, five acoustic wall panels which have very good acoustic properties, were chosen and each panel’s condition was simulated in the software environment. The results from the simulations indicated that the five panels, acoustic improvements tested on C & N Luxury Apartments and 1004 Estate, Apartments gave a performance result averagely which is 9.46% (1), 20.79%(2), 21.23%(3) 21.27%(4) and 24.9%(5). This research proves that retrofitting residential apartments in order to have quality sound control is possible.
Key Words: Noise, Sound, Acoustics, Building Retrofitting, Wall Panels, High-Rise Residential
THE USE OF SPACE FOR DIGITAL IDENTITY PRACTICES: MAVIBAHCE SHOPPING CENTER, IZMIR
Kocabalkanlı, Ezgi
MSc in Architecture
Advisor: Assoc. Prof. Ahenk YILMAZ
January 2018
The widespread use of locative media and its integration with social media applications have provided both individuals and corporations with the new ways of identity performances. Through checking-in at locations, uploading still and moving images foregrounding certain spaces, displaying spatial attributes and attaching hash-tags to spaces to proliferate meanings, space has started turning into a stage where personal and corporate identities are digitally constructed. Within this context, this thesis explores the use of space for personal and corporate identity constructions on Instagram through the case study of Mavibahçe Shopping Center in Izmir, Turkey. It aims to analyze the methods and strategies deployed in this utilization. The analysis based on questionnaires and digital media surveys targets two different facets of the same digital and physical location of Mavibahçe; visitors and the corporation itself. The study focuses on visitors’ use of space for personal identity construction in order to demonstrate their affiliations to certain life-styles as part of their digital habitus predominantly through check-ins and hash-tags; and corporations’ efforts to communicate directly with its visitors and to establish an intimate relationship through personification and the utilization of space’s certain attributes which would appeal the targeted audience.
Key Words: Social Media, Spatial Practices, Digital Space, Identity Practices, Social Media Marketing
IMPACT OF BUILDING SHAPE ON THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF OFFICE BUILDINGS IN KARACHI, PAKISTAN
Shahrukh Hussain Khan
MSc in Architecture
Advisor: Assist. Prof. Dr.-ing Onur Dursun
March 2018
More than one-third need of the energy of developed countries is due to attaining suitable conditions of thermal comfort and lighting in buildings. Energy demand in buildings is determined by an arrangement of such parameters as climate, envelope typologies, and occupant behavior. Accordingly, energy has been a very active area of research in the domain of built environment for the last decades. Some statistical methods have been developed to estimate building energy demand. In line with the previous work, this study aims to evaluate the impact of building form on energy use
intensity of office buildings in Karachi, Pakistan. To achieve, relative compactness metric which is derived by building form was calculated for various design alternatives. Along with relative compactness, such envelope parameters as window to wall ratio and glazing type were considered as independent variables. Next, required data to develop the statistical model is obtained by complete building energy simulations. Later, a predictive model is developed using regression modelling technique. Last but not least, sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the effect of
an independent variable on the response. Results of the analysis revealed that the set of independent variables considered in the current study is able to explain significant portion of variance in the energy use intensity of office buildings in Karachi. Resulted simplified equation is appropriate for designers and architects during the initial design phase to estimate the impact of shape on the energy performance of office buildings in Karachi, Pakistan
Key Words: building shape, relative compactness, building energy performance, office buildings, simulations, multiply linear regression modelling, Karachi-Pakistan
THE ROLE OF VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS IN ARCHUTECTURAL DESIGN EDUCATION: SPATIAL PERCEPTION AND DISTANT COLLABIRATION
Duhan Ölmez
MSc in Architecture
Advisor: Assist. Prof. Dr.-ing Onur Dursun
December 2018
Since architecture as a domain has different working fields, architectural education and practice have discussions about, as well as the definition of architecture. A consensus has been achieved to put design studios as a core element of architecture education. While traditional presentation methods are used widely, technological approaches emerged such as on-screen virtual environments and immersive virtual reality systems. To compare the effectiveness of traditional and technological architectural representation approaches, previous studies adopted experimental designs. However, the design of experiments in previous works were based on single event activities and required financially not feasible setups. The previous studies on virtual collaboration in architecture are based on raw data exchange, verbal communication and transferred texts without the use of collaborative 3D virtual environments. This study aims to investigate how digital presentation methods influence spatial perception, to analyze the distant feedback efficiency through the digital data, and to define an application of distant collaboration for architecture students. This study uses a semester of an elective course and sets of tasks for architecture students. The data collection, virtual presentation setups, and distant communication handled through low-cost and cross-platform digital applications. Various experiments have been conducted to compare different presentation methods and measure the effectiveness of distant collaboration and feedback process in virtual environments. Results indicated that digital presentation methods have various advantages for understanding the project, volumes, surfaces, organizations, etc. Also, digital review systems increased collaboration between students, by focusing on the architectural work rather than personal communication between themselves. As a significant outcome, participants were comfortable using both on-screen virtual environment and immersive virtual reality.
Key Words: architectural representation, spatial perception, feedback process, virtual environment, virtual reality, 3d digital modelling, distant collaboration, co-design
A PHYSICS-BASED DESIGN METHOD OF GRIDSHELL SYSTEMS: OPTIMIZATION OF FORM AND CONSTRUCTION COST
Arda Ağırbaş
MSc in Architecture
Advisor: Assist. Prof. Dr. Seçkin Kutucu
January 2019
Structural shell systems have been used by numerous architects for many centuries to coop with different design problems due to their reliable structural behavior and effective material utilization nature. As a kind of traditional shell structures, gridshells have become an essential part of contemporary architecture since they can possess free-form shapes. Despite the numerous advantages, gridshells are not often utilized due to their complex structural nature. The increasing usage of the computer-aided design technologies in the architectural field allows the seamless translation of a design problem to a digital environment in order to overcome the architectural and structural problems simultaneously. This study focuses on creating an adaptive computational method that includes a physics-based form finding procedure, a workflow for structural performance evaluation and an optimization process. This thesis aims to develop a computational and iterative workflow that can be employed in the conceptual idea development phase of different gridshell design problems in order to generate a set of suitable alternative design solutions in accordance with the design-related objectives and constraints. Besides the engineering requirements of a gridshell, the method gives significant importance to the design decisions and limitations in the architectural viewpoint. In order to reach a shape in equilibrium, the “Dynamic Relaxation” form-finding method has been utilized. Afterward, the “Finite Element Analysis” related to the nodal displacements have been performed. Lastly, a multi-objective optimization process has been formulated that aims to minimize the construction cost while creating a discrete transformation of a smooth shell surface as close as possible to the parent shape.
Key Words: : Computational Design, Gridshell Systems, Physics-Based Form Finding, Multi-Objective Evolutionary Optimization.
USING COMPUTER ANALYSIS FOR CALCULATING ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND IMPLEMENTING SHADING DEVICE FOR GLASS FACADE OF A HIGH RISE BUILDING IN IZMIR
Gizem Yavuzarslan
MSc in Architecture
Advisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Başak Kundakcı Koyunbaba
January 2019
Building sustainable architecture in an efficiency state considering the energy utilization in sustainable architecture. Energy efficiency is a matter of utilization of natural resources, in a way of energy saving. The research on energy efficiency depicts that, the most modern buildings are highly insulated and airtight. Even so, these qualities lead to significant increase of over-heating. The energy consumed for heating, lighting and cooling in the buildings all around the world has reached excessive levels. Solving these requirements artificially, leads to an unsustainable building while the cost of electrical energy is constantly increasing. Climatic conditions determine the amount of energy needed to create a comfortable living space in the buildings in a specific area. In that case shading devices as an architectural element become crucial, considering the reduction of energy consumption. It is a fact that glazing is the soft spot in a building’s overall thermal performance and a major source of heat loss. However, glazing is always the initial consideration of the designing process. Nevertheless, shading should be the first option to be considered. Shading contributes to insulation of a building’s transparent envelope. Shading devices on a building facade are a crucial design strategy as they control the waste of natural resources. Shading devices are also used for aesthetical purposes aside from the main goal of their creation. External or internal shading, overhangs, light shelves etc. are important shading devices that increase the energy performance in buildings. The purpose of this study is to analyze energy efficiency of a high-rise building with glass façade using computer programs, to implement a shading device, and to review the differences between current and implemented state in the view of energy efficiency besides thermal comfort. Rhino software and plugins of Grasshopper LADYBUG HONEYBEE were used. Whereas, the manipulated variable is the types of shading device used. The study represents the importance of the shading device considering the overall energy performance of high-rise office building located in İzmir Turkey. In this study, it was emphasized that daylight and energy efficiency should be taken into consideration besides external appearance at the early design stages of the building.
Key Words: : shading devices, energy efficiency, sustainable, high-rise buildings, control of daylight
THE ENERGY PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF ETFE (ETHYLENE TETRAFLUOROETHYLENE) CUSION SYSTEMS INTEGRATED ON THE SOUTH FACADE OF A HYPOTHETICAL TEST ROOM AND COMPARISON OF IT WITH GLASS FACADE SYSTEMS
Selim Karaman
MSc in Architecture
Advisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Başak Kundakcı Koyunbaba
June 2019
The outer shell of the structure, which stands as a separator between the exterior and the interior, is a system that needs to be considered in terms of energy efficiency. The components of these facade elements and the importance of the system they assemble have increased. Efficiency for building envelope is thought to be the control of indoor comfort and climatic factors. Considering today’s architectural construction methods and techniques, glass material is preferred by many designers as building cover. Besides, ETFE (Ethylene tetrafluoroethylene) systems are present as an alternative with their thermal and optical properties. This study investigates the thermal and optical performances of different types of glass currently used in ETFE, which has high chemical resistance over a wide temperature range, and shows the differences between them. In this study, thermal – optical performances of İzmir – Erzurum cities having hot and cold climatic types were investigated by simulation method. In the study conducted in the computer environment, it was emphasized that the right materials should be selected and the carbon footprint should be reduced with performance-based concerns in the early design-editing processes of the buildings. In this study, it was shown that ETFE system performs better in cold region and it was observed to be at a negative point in daylight performance maintenance.
Key Words: ETFE, ETFE Facade Systems, Sustainable Architecture, Energy, Performance Based Design, Computational Design, Glass, Glass Façade Systems
THE ENERGY PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF ETFE (ETHYLENE TETRAFLUOROETHYLENE) CUSION SYSTEMS INTEGRATED ON THE SOUTH FACADE OF A HYPOTHETICAL TEST ROOM AND COMPARISON OF IT WITH GLASS FACADE SYSTEMS
Selim Karaman
MSc in Architecture
Advisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Başak Kundakcı Koyunbaba
June 2019
The outer shell of the structure, which stands as a separator between the exterior and the interior, is a system that needs to be considered in terms of energy efficiency. The components of these facade elements and the importance of the system they assemble have increased. Efficiency for building envelope is thought to be the control of indoor comfort and climatic factors. Considering today’s architectural construction methods and techniques, glass material is preferred by many designers as building cover. Besides, ETFE (Ethylene tetrafluoroethylene) systems are present as an alternative with their thermal and optical properties. This study investigates the thermal and optical performances of different types of glass currently used in ETFE, which has high chemical resistance over a wide temperature range, and shows the differences between them. In this study, thermal – optical performances of İzmir – Erzurum cities having hot and cold climatic types were investigated by simulation method. In the study conducted in the computer environment, it was emphasized that the right materials should be selected and the carbon footprint should be reduced with performance-based concerns in the early design-editing processes of the buildings. In this study, it was shown that ETFE system performs better in cold region and it was observed to be at a negative point in daylight performance maintenance.
Key Words: ETFE, ETFE Facade Systems, Sustainable Architecture, Energy, Performance Based Design, Computational Design, Glass, Glass Façade Systems